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Carl von Rokitansky

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Baron Carl von Rokitansky
Baron Carl von Rokitansky
Born	19 February 1804 Hradec Králové, Bohemia
Died	23 July 1878 (aged 74) Vienna, Austria-Hungary
Fields	physician pathologist
Alma mater	University of Vienna
Influenced	Cesare Lombroso

Baron Carl von Rokitansky (German: Carl Freiherr von Rokitansky, Czech: Karel Rokytanský) (19 February 1804 – 23 July 1878), was a Bohemian physician, pathologist, humanist philosopher and liberal politician.^[a]

Medical career

Carl von Rokitansky was born in Hradec Králové (German: Königgrätz), Bohemia. He studied at the Charles University in Prague (1821–1824) and attained a doctorate in medicine on 6 March 1828 at the University of Vienna. In 1830, he became assistant to Johann Wagner,^[1] the professor of pathological anatomy, and succeeded him in 1834 as prosector, being at the same time made extraordinary professor. He became a full professor ten years later.^[2]

In 1847, to his duties as a teacher, Rokitansky added the onerous office of medico-legal anatomist to the city of Vienna.^[2]

In 1863, Rokitansky was appointed by Anton von Schmerling as medical adviser to the Ministry of the Interior, wherein he advised on all routine matters of medical teaching, including patronage.^[2]

As a young professor^[when?], Rokitansky recognized that the still little noted discipline of pathological anatomy could be of great service to clinical work in the hospital, because it could offer new diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities to the bed-side physician.

Ludwig Freiherr Baron von Türkheim (1777-1846) established the Second Vienna Medical School in 1836. Around Rokitansky's autopsies the school began "one of the most fruitful and brilliant epochs of Viennese medicine".^[3] A paradigm shift occurred, led by Rokitansky, Josef Škoda, and Ferdinand von Hebra, moving from the notion of medicine as a branch of natural philosophy, to the more modern notion of it as a science.^{[citation needed]}

Contributions

Rokitansky's name is associated with the following diseases/morphologic features of disease:

• Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome
• Müllerian agenesis (aka "Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome")
• Rokitansky's diverticulum
• Rokitansky's triad (pulmonary stenosis)
• Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses (in the gallbladder)
• Rokitansky-Cushing ulcer
• Rokitansky-Maude Abbott syndrome
• Von Rokitansky's syndrome
• Rokitansky nodule – teratomas
• Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (levo-Transposition of the great arteries)

Rokitansky also developed a method of autopsy which consisted mainly of in situ dissection. Rokitansky is said "to have supervised 70,000 autopsies, and personally performed over 30,000, averaging two a day, seven days a week, for 45 years".^[4]