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Sun Yat-sen

Sun Yat-Sen
孫中山 / 孫逸仙 other names
Provisional President of the Republic of China
In office 1 January 1912 – 10 March 1912
Vice President	Li Yuanhong
Preceded by	Puyi (Emperor of China)
Succeeded by	Yuan Shikai
Premier of the Kuomintang of China
In office 10 October 1919 – 12 March 1925
Preceded by	Himself (as Premier of Chinese Revolutionary Party)
Succeeded by	Zhang Renjie (as chairman)
Personal details
Born	12 November 1866 Xiangshan County, Guangdong, Great Qing
Died	12 March 1925 (aged 58) Beijing, Republic of China
Resting place	Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, Nanjing, Jiangsu
Nationality	Chinese American (1904–1909)
Political party	Kuomintang
Other political affiliations	Chinese Revolutionary Party
Spouse(s)	Lu Muzhen (1885–1915) Kaoru Otsuki (1903–1906) Soong Ching-ling (1915–1925)
Domestic partner	Chen Cui-fen (1892–1925)
Children	Sun Fo Sun Yan Sun Wan Fumiko Miyagawa (b. 1906)
Alma mater	Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese
Occupation	Physician Politician Revolutionary Writer
Religion	Congregationalist
Signature

Sun Yat-sen (/ˈsʊn ˈjɑːtˈsɛn/; 12 November 1866 – 12 March 1925)^[1][2] was a Chinese revolutionary, first president and founding father of the Republic of China, and medical practitioner. As the foremost pioneer of the Republic of China, Sun is referred to as the "Father of the Nation" in the Republic of China (ROC), and the "forerunner of democratic revolution" in the People's Republic of China (PRC). Sun played an instrumental role in the overthrow of the Qing dynasty during the years leading up to the Double Ten Revolution. He was appointed to serve as Provisional President of the Republic of China when it was founded in 1912. He later co-founded the Kuomintang (KMT), serving as its first leader.^[3] Sun was a uniting figure in post-Imperial China, and he remains unique among 20th-century Chinese politicians for being widely revered amongst the people from both sides of the Taiwan Strait.

Although Sun is considered to be one of the greatest leaders of modern China, his political life was one of constant struggle and frequent exile. After the success of the revolution, he quickly resigned, due to Beiyang Clique pressure, from his post as President of the newly founded Republic of China, and led successive revolutionary governments as a challenge to the warlords who controlled much of the nation. Sun did not live to see his party consolidate its power over the country during the Northern Expedition. His party, which formed a fragile alliance with the Communists, split into two factions after his death.

Sun's chief legacy resides in his developing of the political philosophy known as the Three Principles of the People: nationalism (non-ethnic, independence from imperialist domination), democracy (up to Western standards), and the people's livelihood (free trade and Georgist tax reform